Glaucoma Treatment May Come From Stem Cell Protein Secretions
Glaucoma is a gradually progressing disease that causes damage to the optic nerve connecting your eye. It’s caused by a buildup of pressure within the eye. There are several treatments focused on reducing the impact from symptoms; but there is no cure. Nearly 2% of all people over the age of 40 have the disease.
The Next Generation of Treatment Options
There are no cures for glaucoma; however, there are a number of treatment options in place today. Those options are focused on delaying the effects of the disease or reducing the symptoms. Common treatments can include medication as well as surgery; but it’s important to point out that vision cannot be restored once lost.
A new study published in the journal Stem Cell Translational Medicine is showing an innovative way stem cells may help in future treatments for glaucoma patients. Scientists have learned that secretions from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may provide protection for retinal nerve cells. Protecting those cells helps to stave off diseases such as glaucoma. The National Eye Institute (NEI) is conducting the study.
Stem Cell Proteins Hold Potential
NEI researchers have identified that MSCs secrete exosomes, (extracellular vesicles within the membrane of certain cells that contain proteins). As the stem cells fuse following a transplant, they release the exosomes to nearby cells.
Scientists have been able to isolate the proteins released from stem cell exosomes and have started studies to evaluate how those proteins are able to protect retinal ganglion cells. The study identified that rodents treated with the stem cell protein experienced a 33% reduction in nerve cell; however, those subjects not provided the protein experienced as 90% loss of those same cells.
The study’s authors assert that this test has demonstrated the positive potential for future treatment of patients with traumatic injury as well as degenerative ocular disease.
References:
Mead, B. and Tomarev, S. (2017), Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promote Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells Through miRNA-Dependent Mechanisms. STEM CELLS Translational Medicine. doi:10.1002/sctm.12056
